I am a Combat Jujutsu instructor under Lloyd Kennedy.
This is an article written by Lloyd.
A Brief History of Jujutsu
By Lloyd Kennedy Shihan
Chief Self Defense Instructor
Contrary
to what some would have you believe, Jujutsu is not the invention of a
single martial arts genius. Nor is any other method of combat, for that
matter. Jujutsu is the product of a long evolution which occurred
within a changing environment and with important contributions from
many extraordinary martial artists. Some of the key contributors are
well known in martial arts history, and others we will sadly never hear
about.
Jujutsu is not synonymous with submission wrestling, as is
currently seen in various sporting matches. Jujutsu was never intended
to be used as a sport, and never will be. Imagine an army of 5,000 men
on a Middle Eastern battlefield, unarmed and dressed in Gi's (Training
Uniform), preparing to square off against an opposing army, with a
referee in between screaming "Are you ready!" No, this is not a sight
you may expect to see, and I can assure you the terms Jujutsu,
Jiu-Jitsu, and Jujitsu have been far removed from their historical
context.
Any historical study of grappling systems must begin with
Egypt. On the walls of the Mahez tomb you can see many pairs of
grappling figures. These figures date back to at least 3,000 B.C.,
which predate the Greek Olympics of 648 B.C. The Egyptian grappling
techniques didn..t necessarily spring up as a fully developed style; it
probably took many generations to develop a system that would be
functional in combat. These ancient grapplers should be considered as
our first teachers in the combat grappling arts. During this period,
training was tough, and the sporting contests (if you can call them
"sporting") had no time limits, no weight levels or limits. Their
techniques included all of the locks, holds, kicks, and punches that we
have today, plus many that may have been lost in the mists of time.
Often these matches were fought to the death, as the purpose of them
was to get their warriors prepared for the battlefield not a sporting
event with referees, rules, and a ring.
The next grappling method to
become historically known in the West was Pankration. The brutal,
bloody sport of Pankration was first introduced into 33rd Olympiad in
the year 648 B.C. By the way, Greek wrestling was introduced into the
Olympics of 708 B.C. Greek boxing, along with grappling, appears to
have been practiced as far back as 3,000 B.C. Pankration means "all
powers" and that..s exactly what they used. Kicking, punching, elbows,
knees, head butts were included along with grappling. The throws in
Pankration were of the judo and free wrestling variety. Like the early
Egyptian events, Pankration contests were hard-core, to say the least.
The
next grappling art to surface were probably Chinese Shuai-Chiao. This
system of total fighting dates back to at least 700 B.C, and since it
took a great deal of time to develop the tactics of this art, we can..t
really say for sure when it started. Initially it was termed Ch..ih
Yu-his and Chiao-ti, and was performed by wrestlers with horned
headgear. They would ram each other until one gave up. Over time this
form evolved into what we know now as one of the best grappling systems
known. You would be fortunate indeed to find a Shuai-Chiao instructor.
The throws are similar to judo, and the ground work is close to early
Jujutsu. It also includes kicks, punches, head butts, sweeps, and basic
trapping tactics.
One particularly hard-core grappling method is the
eastern Indian art of Vajra-Musti. Very little is known about the dates
this vicious wrestling started, but to this day a competitor is allowed
to participate in only one match a year. They are allowed to wear a
metal weapon with ridges on it. They are allowed to punch to the face
and chest of their opponent. As this can cause a lot of damage, you can
see why they..re only allowed to have one match a year.
As far as
Japan and combat Jujutsu are concerned, we should begin our study with
Sumai-Sumo and Kumi-Uchi, both of which are combat forms in their own
right. Fully effective in combat, the object of these ancient fighting
arts was to cause one of the opponents to surrender unconditionally,
but even so, some of the matches ended in death. Sumai was a complete
art that included kicks, head butts and short-range punches. Although
Jujutsu evolved from Sumai, we need to discuss it along with Kenjitsu,
as they were taught together. Kenjitsu taught weapons as well as empty
hand tactics. These empty hand tactics from Sumai and Kenjitsu later
became know as Jujitsu. Later the battlefield tactics of Jujutsu were
watered down to the ring sport we know today where killing blows and
foul tactics (biting, eye gouging, small joint manipulations, etc.) are
not allowed.
Jujutsu is often referred to as the "mother art," and
many sporting forms have descended directly from Jujutsu. In 1882
Jigoro Kano, a practitioner of Jujutsu and Aiki-Jujitsu decided that
Jujutsu needed to be refined into a safer art which was more
appropriate for sporting contests if Jujutsu was to continue. He called
what was developed Judo. Although Judo includes a lot of ground
fighting, the focus was to be on self-improvement instead of combat. A
gentleman named Mitsuyo Maeda, a direct student of Kano, later took
these principles to Brazil. I gather that he did not mind a good fight
and often competed in full contact matches in Japan, where he was
reportedly undefeated in over 1,000 matches. In 1915 he traveled to
Brazil, where he met Gastao Gracie, a Brazilian politician. He taught
Gastao..s son Carlos Gracie classical Jujutsu along with Judo, so
Carlos ended up with the hardcore locks and chokes of Jujutsu, with the
solid ground work of Judo. Unless you..ve been asleep for the last few
years, or maybe are deprived of cable television, you should know just
how successful Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu has been.
The fighting
methods taught by the Center for Practical Self Defense are rooted in
Classical Combat Jujutsu, as well as practical empty hand and
weapons-based tactics and techniques from the Filipino fighting arts,
and a diverse array of personal experience and other orthodox and
unorthodox fighting methods. True self-defense practitioners do not
limit themselves to the confines of any static method, nor do they
limit their training to the confines of any rules-based sporting event.
The
true meaning of classical Jujutsu is a method of close combat, either
unarmed or employing minor weapons, which may be used offensively or
defensively to subdue one or more armed or unarmed aggressors. This
definition includes two very important elements. First, the person
using Jujutsu does not necessarily have to be unarmed. A warrior would
hardly ever be completely without weapons; therefore an accurate
definition of Jujutsu should not imply that a Jujutsu practitioner must
be unarmed. For warriors in centuries past, the weapons of choice would
include the sword, spear, or other such instrument. For the modern
individual, commonly used weapons would include guns, knives, sticks,
rocks, wrist-rockets, and the like.
Second, Jujutsu is not merely
defensive, as is often assumed. A true combat systems use both attacks
and defenses to their advantage, Jujutsu..s ability to harness and
redirect the force of an attacker, allowing the practitioner to execute
powerful techniques without possessing great size or strength. If a
potential enemy could be neutralized with a viable first strike, that
option would certainly have been considered historically, and is
definitely something to think about today. In traditional Jujutsu,
there was no such thing as an illegal move. Jujutsu includes throws,
takedowns, strikes, eye poking, stomping, and anything else that one
could come up with - and that does mean ANYTHING.
This is our:
CPSD OVERVIEW
As
a self defense practitioner, I must first state that I am not looking
for trouble, if I have away to resolve an altercation thought other
means besides physical violence, I will use those options first.
However, if confronted with an explosive attack or in the event of a
diplomatic failure, I will strive to stay alive and make it home to my
love ones, or protect my love ones by any and all means necessary.
We believe that their are 4 different avenues to consider when talking about all things martial:
Sport (competition with rules and regulations and fitness)
martial arts (the study of movements and techniques for both sport and self defense)
self defense (the development of tools to defend ones self from assault thought the use of principles and tactics)
Combat (kill or be killed)
Their maybe some crossover in the last two categories, but only in an extreme will the first two lead to the last two.
I am from a group of individuals that believe that self defense training, should be framed within a few truths.
For instance:
The ring is sport.
Sport is a contest.
The ring is about fighting for a prize, reputation, or ego.
The ring is not combat.
Martial art can be both sport and self defense
Self defense is not a sport, nor is it used in the ring.
Combat is about life, death, and survival.
We strongly believe in biting for self defense purposes.
Always try to bite into the clothing.
Small multiple nips to move your attacker into a better position in close quarter infighting.
Last resort if in unarmed assault:
nose, ear, cheek, and vital area the neck.
For us an opponent is some one you fight in the ring with rules, so it would be illegal or cause disqualification to bite.
We use the terms attacker/assaulter, because in the street that's who your up against.
My mistake I gave the impression that we advocated a fair fight, this is a misconception.
The only fair we know is a place to see the best in show cattle and ride the twisting cups.
If it's you or I, I want your eye and your life.
J12/C6
Judge by 12 or carried by six
hope this clears up any confusion.
This is a brief example of our philosophy.
Hope this helps
Rudy Franco-CPSD
f you ask a question, be ready for the answer.
Blend, Bend or Break It's your choice.
www.centerforpracticalselfdefense.com11I